Compare the programs

Summary across all candidatesAttal and Zemmour propose tariffs targeting Chinese products; Philippe supports European market protection and Retailleau tariffs for strategic French industries. Ruffin and Polony emphasize French production and public procurement. Arthaud rejects protectionism; supporters of protection nevertheless differ on tools, sectors and geographic scope.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Glucksmann, Le Pen, Lisnard, Mélenchon, Roussel.

Summary across all candidatesMélenchon wants to veto every new free-trade agreement, including Mercosur. Le Pen proposes excluding French agriculture from those agreements. Ruffin wants to activate EU-Mercosur safeguard measures upon election.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Glucksmann, Lisnard, Philippe, Polony, Retailleau, Roussel, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesRetailleau and Lisnard want constitutional primacy, particularly on migration. Le Pen extends this to every foreign text or authority, including European ones. Mélenchon proposes not applying European rules incompatible with his program.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Glucksmann, Philippe, Polony, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesLe Pen wants to cap France’s net contribution at €5 billion and Zemmour wants to reduce it. Mélenchon proposes making the contribution conditional. Glucksmann wants a substantially larger EU budget and more own resources.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Lisnard, Philippe, Polony, Retailleau, Roussel, Ruffin.

Summary across all candidatesGlucksmann proposes a €500 billion European defense fund financed by joint borrowing. Le Pen refuses any transfer of defense powers to the EU, and Mélenchon wants France to leave EU defense programs.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Lisnard, Philippe, Polony, Retailleau, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesGlucksmann and Attal want French nuclear protection to have a European dimension, while Le Pen supports strictly national deterrence. Attal specifies that deterrence remains French: protecting allies does not by itself transfer command or weapons to the European Union.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Lisnard, Philippe, Polony, Retailleau, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesAttal wants faster rearmament, particularly drones and AI; Philippe proposes a new spending plan and more drones and ammunition. Retailleau targets annual spending of €100 billion. Le Pen wants to maintain the existing trajectory and Roussel to transfer €3.5 billion from defense to schools.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Glucksmann, Lisnard, Mélenchon, Polony, Ruffin, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesGlucksmann and Retailleau want stronger reserves; Philippe targets 250,000 reservists and 50,000 annual voluntary military service places. Attal’s proposed month of community service is not classified as military service without that specification in his text.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Le Pen, Lisnard, Mélenchon, Polony, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.

Summary across all candidatesAttal, Glucksmann, Le Pen and Retailleau support continued assistance to Ukraine through different instruments. Attal wants frozen Russian assets seized to arm Ukraine; Glucksmann proposes an air shield and defense coproduction. Le Pen retains military aid but rejects large new financial commitments, so agreement on support does not imply identical aid or budgets.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Lisnard, Mélenchon, Polony, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.

No proposal on this issue in the sources analyzed: Arthaud, Attal, Glucksmann, Le Pen, Lisnard, Philippe, Polony, Retailleau, Roussel, Ruffin, Zemmour.